Everything about The Polycladida totally explained
The
Polycladida represents a highly diverse
clade of free-living marine turbellarian
flatworms. They are known from the
littoral to the
sublittoral zone (extending to the deep hot vents), and many species are common from
coral reefs. Only a few species are found in freshwater habitats. Often polyclads are associated with other
invertebrates, such as bivalve
mollusks,
sponges,
corals, or ascidians. In such associations, the worms may use the invertebrates as a source of food, or they may find protection from predators inside the structural framework of these "hosts". Most polyclads hide away from direct light. However, some of the brightly colored species often are active during the day. With their flamboyant coloring they advertise their potential toxicity to visual predators such as fish.
The order Polycladida is divided into the two suborders Cotylea and Acotylea, based on the character "presence/absence of a cotyl or sucker". Of the two, the Acotylea is the larger group with over 26 families worldwide. Acotyleans are major predators of sessile marine invertebrates such as all commercial bivalves species (including pearl and rock oysters), mussels, scallops and giant clams. Many acotyleans are dull in coloration, and
cryptic in their behavior, hiding in crevices and under coral during the day. Cotyleans, on the other hand, with as many as 16 families, are prominent members of tropical coral reef communities. Although cotylean flatworms are conspicuous predators in subtropical and tropical ecosystems, they're difficult to study. These worms are very fragile and when disturbed can break apart
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